https://www.sh-isihistory.ir/ Journal of Shiite History en daily 1 Sat, 07 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 07 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.sh-isihistory.ir/article_242528.html The era of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) is the era of great debates in the history of Shiism and the period of confrontation between this Imam and the deviant currents within and outside Shiism. "Fatahiya" is one of the sects within Shiism that existed during the era of this Imam. The analysis of the communicative approach of the eighth Imam with them can be considered. The exploration of the ideologies of the Imam (peace be upon him) in the face of the "Fatahiya" is very important considering the nature and type of their behavior.This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, modeled on the PDAM narrative discourse analysis method (PDAM), deals with the communicative approach of the discourse of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in the face of the deviant sect "Fatahiya". Therefore, while collecting the discourses of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with some of the most important leaders of this sect, it points out the important elements of the discourse of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with the "Fatahiya" and, by taking into account the behavior of the personalities in their specific situations and the sociological approach of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in dealing with this sect, it deals with the communication approaches of the Imam (peace be upon him) - based on the proposed model. The findings and results show that "Fatahiya" is one of the few deviant Shiite sects that has been in peaceful interaction with Imam Reza https://www.sh-isihistory.ir/article_242529.html The texts dedicated to the written record of the Ashura narration fall into two general categories and First, the historical books that have dealt with the incident of Karbala as one of the events while dealing with the events, such as Tabari's history, Jacob's history and other books that have reached us under the title of history. The other category is the texts that were specially written to record the events of Karbala and did not mention any other events. Mazandarani's Fada'i poems, Maqtal, is placed in this category, which has a literary difference and distinction from other Muqatils in terms of format. Fadaei Mazandarani admitted in the preface he wrote on the poem "Maqtal Manzoom" that he documented his narrative with written sources, although weak. This speech prompted the author to examine the death of Mazandarani's devotional poems with the approach of source criticism Therefore, the martyrdom of Abbas bin Ali was selected as a sample and the main narrations about it were examined and measured with the Fadai narration. In this study, it was found that Fadaei Mazandarani took his narration from Toreyhi's narration in the selection and applied two major changes: deletion of statements, expansion of state. https://www.sh-isihistory.ir/article_241623.html AbstractDespite the considerable number of studies conducted to date on the Safavid era, particularly regarding the relations between religious scholars (ulema) and the sultans, this subject remains a matter of reflection and requires further investigation. The present article revisits the relationship between Imami jurists and the Safavid monarchy based on analyses by Rula Jurdi Abisaab, a contemporary orientalist. The central question addressed is: how did prominent Shi’i jurists during the Safavid period balance the roles of legitimizing the monarchy, independent political agency, and political critique? The research method is descriptive-analytical, and through a case study of the relations between six influential jurists—Muhaqqiq al-Karaki, Husayn ibn ‘Abd al-Samad, Shaykh Baha’i, Mulla ‘Abdullah Shushtari, Shaykh Lutfullah al-Maysi, and Shaykh al-Hurr al-‘Amili—and the Safavid monarchs, a dynamic and bilateral pattern of interaction between the institution of jurisprudence and the monarchy is illustrated. This pattern is grounded in “legitimacy exchange” and mutual dependency for the preservation of authority. The findings indicate that this interaction was neither simple nor one-sided, but rather a complex process shaped by the political context, the personalities of the kings, and the juristic orientations of the ulema. In conclusion, the article demonstrates that this historical experience aligns with some fundamental concepts of Shi’i political jurisprudence, such as the general guardianship of the jurist (wilayat al-faqih) and religious supervision over political power. https://www.sh-isihistory.ir/article_241624.html During the Safavid Period, various arts flourished in Iranian society, and although the art of music was neglected at some point during this reign, it played a clear role in many different court and popular rituals of the Safavid Period. These rituals included some government ceremonies such as welcoming and sending off, coronation and taking off one's robe, the Shater festival, the conquest of cities, the birth of newborns, popular celebrations such as weddings and mourning, and religious rituals such as Ta'ziyya and mourning for the Imams among Shiites, and ritual music among other religions such as Christians. The author of this study aims to use library resources from that Period to examine the position of ritual music and its types in Iran during the Safavid Period in a descriptive-analytical manner and answer the question of what position, what application, and what types of music had in the various rituals of Iran during that Period, and how was it performed? https://www.sh-isihistory.ir/article_242527.html Imamology is one of the most important issues confronting the Shitte community, and the actions of the Imams have shaped various discourses. This article aims to examine and critique the narratives related to the succession and martyrdom of Imam Reza (A) in general Islamic historical texts. The findings indicate that the authors of these texts, due to religious biases and the political interests of the rulers, have selectively chosen the narratives concerning the succession of Imam Reza (A), deliberately overlooking many key issues. Instead of presenting historical realities, these texts contain information that contradicts the facts, resulting from the biased and unfounded historiography of certain prejudiced writers. This article employs a library-based methodology and a descriptive-analytical approach to critique these narratives, aiming to clarify historical truths and elucidate the true role of Imam Reza (A) in Islamic history, ultimately providing a pathway for gaining genuine knowledge and insight into the lives of the Imams (A). https://www.sh-isihistory.ir/article_241622.html Following the intensification of independence movements among both Muslim and non-Muslim Indians in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century—led primarily by the Indian National Congress—a number of Muslim politicians and intellectuals, concerned about the potential marginalization of Muslim rights by certain Hindu factions, established the All-India Muslim League in December 1906. While the League initially shared the Congress’s goal of achieving Indian independence, it gradually diverged from the Congress, particularly on the issue of Muslim political rights after independence. From the 1930s onward, based on the "Two-Nation Theory"—which posited Hindus and Muslims as belonging to two distinct religious and cultural nations—the Muslim League began advocating for the creation of a separate Muslim state. This demand generated significant support and opposition among both Muslim and Hindu communities. Among those who initially approached the idea with caution and later, from 1940 onwards, expressed strong and organized opposition were the Shi'a Muslims, including both the Imami (Twelvers) and Ismaili branches. This article explores the origins and development of the Two-Nation Theory and its connection to the Muslim League, focusing in particular on the political stance of various Shi'a groups, with special emphasis on the All-India Shi'a Political Conference