This study aims to examine the pattern of interaction of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba(AS) with oppositional currents in Kufa and Syria and to analyze it within the framework of political theology and Qurʾanic foundations.The main research question is: How did Imam Hasan(AS) interact with oppositional groups in light of the social, political, and theological conditions of his time, and how did this lead to the decision for peace? This research adopts an interdisciplinary historical–theological analytical approach, and its data are collected from reliable historical, narrational (ḥadīth), and exegetical sources. The method of analysis is a combination of historical content analysis, critical rereading of narrational reports, and political-theological interpretation.The findings indicate that the oppositional currents in Kufa and Syria differed fundamentally in their nature and level of cohesion, and that Imam Hasan(AS), through an accurate assessment of these conditions, adopted context-sensitive strategies for each setting.In Kufa, the emphasis was placed on preserving social and ethical cohesion, whereas in Syria, peace was chosen as a prudent strategy for crisis management and the protection of the overarching interests of religion.Further analysis demonstrates that Imam Hasan’s decision to pursue peace was not a sign of weakness, but rather an expression of theological political rationality, intelligent resistance, and the preservation of the discourse of Imamate.The study concludes that Imam Hasan’s model of interaction represents a synthesis of ethics, expediency, and power within the framework of Islamic political theology, and can serve as a theoretical model for rethinking conflict management in Islamic history and contemporary religious societies.